PHPUnit provides the following functions (opens new window) to watch for thrown exceptions, which were released with 5.2.0:

• expectException($exception)
• expectExceptionMessage($message)
• expectExceptionCode($code)
• expectExceptionMessageRegExp($messageRegExp)

These are used to watch for an exception to be thrown and inspect the properties of that exception.

Let's start with a math function that divides (just for simplicity). It will raise an exception if the denominator is zero.

function divide($numerator, $denominator) {
    
    if ($denominator !== 0) {
        return $numerator/$denominator;       
    } else {
        throw new \Exception("Cannot divide by zero", 100);
    }

}

Now for the test code.

class DivideTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{

    public function test_divide() {

        $this->assertSame(2,divide(4,2));

        $this->expectException("Exception");
        $this->expectExceptionCode(100);
        $this->expectExceptionMessage("Cannot divide by zero");
        $this->expectExceptionMessageRegExp('/divide by zero$/');

        // the expectations have been set up, now run the code
        // that should throw the exception
        divide(4,0);

        // The following code will not execute, the method has exited
        $this->assertSame(0,1);

    }

}

The test_divide() function starts by asserting that the function correctly divided 4 by 2 and answered 2. This assertion will pass.

Next, the expectations for the upcoming exception are set. Notice, they are set before the code that will throw the exception. All four assertions are shown for demonstration purposes, but this is normally not necessary.

The divide(4,0) will then throw the expected exception and all the expect* function will pass.

But note that the code $this->assertSame(0,1) will not be executed, the fact that it is a failure doesn't matter, because it will not run. The divide by zero exception causes the test method to exit. This can be a source of confusion while debugging.

PHPUnit provides the following function to assert whether an object is an instance of a class:

assertInstanceOf($expected, $actual[, $message = ''])

The first parameter $expected is the name of a class (string). The second parameter $actual is the object to be tested. $message is an optional string you can provide in case it fails.

Let's start with a simple Foo class:

class Foo {

}

Somewhere else in a namespace Crazy, there is a Bar class.

namespace Crazy

class Bar {

}

Now, let's write a basic test case that would check an object for these classes

use Crazy\Bar;

class sampleTestClass extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{

    public function test_instanceOf() {

        $foo = new Foo();
        $bar = new Bar();

        // this would pass
        $this->assertInstanceOf("Foo",$foo);

        // this would pass
        $this->assertInstanceOf("\\Crazy\\Bar",$bar);

        // you can also use the ::class static function that returns the class name
        $this->assertInstanceOf(Bar::class, $bar);

        // this would fail
        $this->assertInstanceOf("Foo", $bar, "Bar is not a Foo");

    }
}    

Note that PHPUnit gets grumpy if you send in a classname that doesn't exist.

PHPUnit has two assertions to check values of class properties:

assertAttributeSame($expected, $actualAttributeName, $actualClassOrObject, $message = '')
assertAttributeNotSame($expected, $actualAttributeName, $actualClassOrObject, $message = '')

These methods will check the value of a object property regardless of the visibility.

Let's start with a class to be tested. It is a simplified class that has three properties, each with a different visibility:

class Color {

    public $publicColor       = "red";
    protected $protectedColor = "green";
    private $privateColor     = "blue";
    
}

Now, to test the value of each property:

class ColorTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function test_assertAttributeSame() {

        $hasColor = new Color();

        $this->assertAttributeSame("red","publicColor",$hasColor);
        $this->assertAttributeSame("green","protectedColor",$hasColor);
        $this->assertAttributeSame("blue","privateColor",$hasColor);
        
        $this->assertAttributeNotSame("wrong","privateColor",$hasColor);
    }

}

As you can see, the assertion works for any visibility, making it easy to peer into protected and private methods.

In addition, there is assertAttributeEquals, assertAttributeContains, assertAttributeContainsOnly, assertAttributeEmpty...etc, matching most assertions involving comparison.