In SQL server we have 2 types of temporary tables:

1. ##GlobalTempTable is a type of temporary table that is sheered between all user's sessions.
2. #LocalTempTable temp tab - it is a type of temporary table that only exists in current scope (only in actual process - you can get id of your current process by SELECT @@SPID)

Droping process of temporary tables is the same as for normal table:

DROP TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name   

BEFORE SQL Server 2016:

IF(OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#TempTable') is not null)
    DROP TABLE #TempTable;

SQL Server 2016:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS #TempTable

The DROP TABLE command remove the table definitions and all data, indexes, triggers, constraints and related permissions.

Before you drop a table, you should check if there are any object (views, stored procedures, other tables) that reference the table.

You cannot drop a table referenced by another table by FOREIGN KEY. You must first drop the FOREIGN KEY referencing it.

You can drop a table referenced by a view or stored procedure, but after dropping the table, the view or stored procedure is no longer usable.

The Syntax

DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ]
table_name [ ,...n ] [ ; ]

• IF EXISTS - Drop the table only if exists
• database_name - Specify the name of the database where the table is contained
• schema_name - Specify the name of the schema where the table is under
• table_name - Specify the name of the table to be dropped

Examples

Remove the table with name TABLE_1 from current database and default schema dbo

DROP TABLE Table_1;

Remove the table with TABLE_1 from database HR and default schema dbo

DROP TABLE HR.Table_1;

Remove the table with TABLE_1 from database HR and schema external

DROP TABLE HR.external.TABLE_1;

The DROP DATABASE command removes a database catalog, regardless of its state (offline, read-only, suspect, etc.), from the current SQL Server instance.

A database cannot be dropped if there are any database snapshots associated with it, as the database snapshots must be dropped first.

A database drop removes all of the physical disk files (unless it's offline) used by the database unless you use the Stored Procedure 'sp_detach_db'.

A database snapshot drop deletes the snapshot from the SQL Server instance and deletes the physical files also used by it.

A dropped database can only be re-created by restoring a backup (not from a database snapshot either).

The Syntax

DROP DATABASE [ IF EXISTS ] { database_name | database_snapshot_name } [ ,...n ] [;]  

• IF EXISTS - Drop the table only if exists
• database_name - Specifies the name of the database to drop
• database_snapshot_name - Specifies the database snapshot to remove

Examples

Remove a single database;

DROP DATABASE Database1;

Removing multiple databases

DROP DATABASE Database1, Database2;

Removing a snapshot

DROP DATABASE Database1_snapshot17;

Removing if database exists

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS Database1;

Remarks

Links to MSDN.