public bool IsValid { get; set; }

private bool _isValid;
public bool IsValid
{
    get { return _isValid; }
    set { _isValid = value; }
}

public bool IsValid { get; set { PropertyChanged("IsValid"); } } // Invalid code

public bool IsValid { get; private set; }    

public bool IsValid { get; }    
public bool IsValid { get; } = true;

string name;
public string Name
{
    get { return this.name; }
}

string name;
public string Name 
{
    set { this.name = value; }
}

class Program 
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Person aPerson = new Person("Ann Xena Sample", new DateTime(1984, 10, 22));
        //example of accessing properties (Id, Name & DOB)
        Console.WriteLine("Id is:  \t{0}\nName is:\t'{1}'.\nDOB is: \t{2:yyyy-MM-dd}.\nAge is: \t{3}", aPerson.Id, aPerson.Name, aPerson.DOB, aPerson.GetAgeInYears());
        //example of setting properties

        aPerson.Name = "   Hans Trimmer  ";
        aPerson.DOB = new DateTime(1961, 11, 11);
        //aPerson.Id = 5; //this won't compile as Id's SET method is private; so only accessible within the Person class.
        //aPerson.DOB = DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(1); //this would throw a runtime error as there's validation to ensure the DOB is in past. 

        //see how our changes above take effect; note that the Name has been trimmed
        Console.WriteLine("Id is:  \t{0}\nName is:\t'{1}'.\nDOB is: \t{2:yyyy-MM-dd}.\nAge is: \t{3}", aPerson.Id, aPerson.Name, aPerson.DOB, aPerson.GetAgeInYears());

        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue");
        Console.Read();
    }
}

public class Person
{
    private static int nextId = 0;
    private string name;
    private DateTime dob; //dates are held in UTC; i.e. we disregard timezones
    public Person(string name, DateTime dob)
    {
        this.Id = ++Person.nextId;
        this.Name = name;
        this.DOB = dob;
    }
    public int Id
    {
        get;
        private set;
    }
    public string Name
    {
        get { return this.name; }
        set
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)) throw new InvalidNameException(value);
            this.name = value.Trim();
        }
    }
    public DateTime DOB
    {
        get { return this.dob; }
        set 
        {
            if (value < DateTime.UtcNow.AddYears(-200) || value > DateTime.UtcNow) throw new InvalidDobException(value);
            this.dob = value; 
        }
    }
    public int GetAgeInYears()
    {
        DateTime today = DateTime.UtcNow;
        int offset = HasHadBirthdayThisYear() ? 0 : -1;
        return today.Year - this.dob.Year + offset;
    }
    private bool HasHadBirthdayThisYear()
    {
        bool hasHadBirthdayThisYear = true;
        DateTime today = DateTime.UtcNow;
        if (today.Month > this.dob.Month)
        {
            hasHadBirthdayThisYear = true;
        }
        else
        {
            if (today.Month == this.dob.Month)
            {
                hasHadBirthdayThisYear = today.Day > this.dob.Day;
            }
            else
            {
                hasHadBirthdayThisYear = false;
            }
        }
        return hasHadBirthdayThisYear;
    }
}

public class InvalidNameException : ApplicationException
{
    const string InvalidNameExceptionMessage = "'{0}' is an invalid name.";
    public InvalidNameException(string value): base(string.Format(InvalidNameExceptionMessage,value)){}
}
public class InvalidDobException : ApplicationException
{ 
    const string InvalidDobExceptionMessage = "'{0:yyyy-MM-dd}' is an invalid DOB.  The date must not be in the future, or over 200 years in the past.";
    public InvalidDobException(DateTime value): base(string.Format(InvalidDobExceptionMessage,value)){}
}

public class Name 
{
    public string First { get; set; } = "James";
    public string Last { get; set; } = "Smith";
}

public class Person 
{
    //Id property can be read by other classes, but only set by the Person class
    public int Id {get; private set;}
    //Name property can be retrieved or assigned 
    public string Name {get; set;}
    
    private DateTime dob;
    //Date of Birth property is stored in a private variable, but retrieved or assigned through the public property.
    public DateTime DOB
    {
        get { return this.dob; }
        set { this.dob = value; }
    }
    //Age property can only be retrieved; it's value is derived from the date of birth 
    public int Age 
    {
        get 
        {
            int offset = HasHadBirthdayThisYear() ? 0 : -1;
            return DateTime.UtcNow.Year - this.dob.Year + offset;
        }
    }

    //this is not a property but a method; though it could be rewritten as a property if desired.
    private bool HasHadBirthdayThisYear() 
    {
        bool hasHadBirthdayThisYear = true;
        DateTime today = DateTime.UtcNow;
        if (today.Month > this.dob.Month)
        {
            hasHadBirthdayThisYear = true;
        }
        else 
        {
            if (today.Month == this.dob.Month)
            {
                hasHadBirthdayThisYear = today.Day > this.dob.Day;
            }
            else
            {
                hasHadBirthdayThisYear = false;
            }
        }
        return hasHadBirthdayThisYear;
    }
}

public readonly string SomeProp { get; set; }

public string SomeProp { get; }

public Address
{
    public string ZipCode { get; }
    public string City { get; }
    public string StreetAddress { get; }

    public Address(
        string zipCode,
        string city,
        string streetAddress)
    {
        if (zipCode == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(zipCode));
        if (city == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(city));
        if (streetAddress == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(streetAddress));

        ZipCode = zipCode;
        City = city;
        StreetAddress = streetAddress;
    }
}