Suppose you had an array:

pair = ['Jack','Jill']

And a method that takes two arguments:

def print_pair (a, b)
  puts "#{a} and #{b} are a good couple!"
end

You might think you could just pass the array:

print_pair(pair) # wrong number of arguments (1 for 2) (ArgumentError)

Since the array is just one argument, not two, so Ruby throws an exception. You could pull out each element individually:

print_pair(pair[0], pair[1])

Or you can use the splat operator to save yourself some effort:

print_pair(*pair)

The splat operator removes individual elements of an array and makes them into a list. This is most commonly used to create a method that accepts a variable number of arguments:

# First parameter is the subject and the following parameters are their spouses
def print_spouses(person, *spouses)
  spouses.each do |spouse|
    puts "#{person} married #{spouse}."
  end
end

print_spouses('Elizabeth', 'Conrad', 'Michael', 'Mike', 'Eddie', 'Richard', 'John', 'Larry')

Notice that an array only counts as one item on the list, so you will need to us the splat operator on the calling side too if you have an array you want to pass:

bonaparte = ['Napoleon','Joséphine','Marie Louise']
print_spouses(*bonaparte)